In Thailand, when a person passed away, there should be an assets administrator by law to handle, distribute, and to protect the properties. According to Thai Civil and Commercial Code (“CCC”),[1] an asset administrator can be appointed by will of a deceased or by court through filing an application to appoint someone to be an administrator. You can also refer to our earlier article “Necessary documents to prepare for inheritance process in Thailand” at https://0rz.tw/9s0uv.[2]
當有人在泰國過世後，將有位遺產管理人依法管理、分配、及保護亡者的財產。依據《泰國民商法》(“CCC”)規定，遺產管理人可以依據亡者的遺囑指定、或是有人向法院提出申請指派。亦可參考我們先前的文章“在泰國辦理遺產繼承所需資料”在https://0rz.tw/9s0uv。
To be responsible to the job duties, an asset administrator should prepare the following:[3]
對工作負責的遺產管理人應該準備以下事項:
1. Prepare a list of properties within 1 month from the death of the deceased, or from the date when the administrator has acknowledged this appointment. If the list of properties cannot be prepared within the time limit specified by law. A request for an extension of time can be filed.[4]
在亡者過是一個月內、或是遺產管理人確認委任一個月內準備遺產清單。如果未能法律規定的期限內準備遺產清單，可以提出延期申請。
2. Do necessary act of assets management such as submit answers in court.
針對遺產管理進行必要的動作像是回覆法院
3. Take necessary steps to collect debts due to the assets within a short timeframe.[5]
短時間內針對遺產收集的債務進行必要程序
4. After the creditors of the assets are satisfied with the payment, the assets should be divided, and complete a report showing the account of management and sharing of inheritance within 1 year from the date of hearing of court order or deemed to have listened to the court order unless the majority of heirs or the court prescribes otherwise.[6]
遺產債務人對還款滿意後，遺產需進行分割，並在聽取法院命令或視為已聽取法院命令之日起1年內完成一份帳戶管理及遺產分享的報告，除非大多數繼承人或法院另有規定。
In addition, it is possible to remove an assets administrator. According to CCC, an administrator can be removed when:[7]
此外，遺產管理人可以被免職。依據CCC規定，遺產管理人可以在以下狀況免職:
1. Any interested party file an application for removal of an administrator to the court for neglecting the duties or other reasonable causes.[8]
利害關係人可以依據遺產管理人怠忽職守或是其他合理原因申請免職遺產管理人。
2. An administrator resigns for any reasonable causes and must be permitted by the court, but if during the act and if there is damage in the management occurs, it is still responsible.
遺產管理人依據合理原因離職且須經法院許可，但在過程中如發生管理損害，仍需承擔責任。
3. Death or become a person who has prohibited qualifications, such as bankruptcy, insane person, or virtual incompetence.
過世或成為具有禁止資格的人，例如破產、心智不完成、或虛擬無能者。
The application should be made prior to the completion of the properties distribution.
應該在遺產分配完畢之前提出申請。
[1] Section 1719 of Thai Civil and Commercial Code. [2] Ibid, Section 1711. [3] Ibid, Section 1716. [4] Ibid, Section 1728 and 1729. [5] Section 1744 of Thai Civil and Commercial Code. [6] Ibid, Section 1732. [7] Ibid, Section 1727. [8] Ibid, Section 1731.