Fraud is a common legal issue in every country, including Thailand. Fraud in Thailand can be either criminal, civil, or both.
詐欺在每個國家是常見的法務議題，泰國也不例外。詐欺在泰國可為刑事或民事犯罪、或兩者皆是。
Definition of Fraud under Criminal Code in Thailand
《泰國刑法》法規下的詐欺定義
According to Section 341, whoever dishonestly deceives a person with the assertion of a falsehood or the concealment of the facts which should be revealed, and, by such deception, obtains a property from the person so deceived or a third person, or causes the person so deceived or a third person to execute, revoke or destroy a document of right, is said to commit the offence of cheating and fraud, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding three years or fined not exceeding six thousand baht, or both.
依據第341條規定，任何人以虛假或隱瞞事實不誠實地欺騙別人，並以這種欺騙手段從受騙人或第三人獲得財產、或導致受騙人或第三者執行、撤銷或銷毀權利文件，為犯了欺詐罪，應處以不超過三年的監禁或不超過六千泰銖的罰款，或兩者併罰。
In addition, according to Section 342, if the fraud is committed under following circumstances:
另外，依據第342條規定，如在以下情況犯了詐欺罪:
Ø By the offender showing himself to be another person; found on restriction or
罪犯表明自己是另一個人；或
Ø By taking advantage of the lack of intelligence of the deceived person who is a child, or by taking advantage of weakness of mind of the deceived person,
利用受騙兒童的智力不足、或利用受騙者脆弱的心智。
The offender shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding five years or fined not exceeding ten thousand Baht, or both.[1]
處以不超過五年的監禁或不超過一萬泰銖的罰款，或兩者併罰。
Furthermore, according to section 343, if the offence under section 341 be committed by the assertion of a falsehood to the public or by the concealment of the facts which should be revealed to the public, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding five years or fined not exceeding ten thousand baht, or both.
此外，依據第343條規定，如果第341條規定的罪行通過公開虛假或隱瞞應向公眾披露的事實而實行，則應處以五年以下有期徒刑或1萬泰銖以下罰款，或兩者併罰。
Fraud under Civil and Commercial Code
《泰國民商法》規定下的詐欺定義
According to Section 40 of the Criminal Procedure Code, a penal action may be entered in the court where the criminal case is being tried or brought separately before the court empowered to exercise civil jurisdiction; prescribed that the civil proceedings must be in conformity with the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code.
根據《刑事訴訟法》第40條，在刑事案件正在審理或單獨提起刑事訴訟的法庭中，可訴諸法院，以行使民事管轄權； 規定民事訴訟程序必須符合《民事訴訟法》的規定。
Fraud under Criminal Procedure Code
《泰國刑事訴訟法》規定下的詐欺定義
According to Section 43 of Criminal Procedure Code, as for a case of theft, snatching, robbery, brigandage, piracy, extortion, "swindling", misappropriation or receipt of stolen property, the victim is entitled to claim the restitution of the property he has been deprived of through the commission of such offence or claim the value of such property, the public prosecutor, when instituting a prosecution, shall also enter such claim on behalf of the victim.
根據《刑事訴訟法》第43條，至於盜竊，搶劫，搶劫，行賄，盜版，勒索，“使用詐騙手段”，挪用或收取贓物的情況，受害人有權要求歸還通過被剝奪財產而被剝奪的財產 犯罪或索要這種財產的價值，檢察官在提起公訴時也應代表受害人提出索償要求。
According to Section 44/1 of Criminal Procedure Code, as for a public prosecution, if the victim is entitled to claim compensation in as much as the commission of offence by the defendant has caused him to lose his life, or sustain bodily or mental harm, personal liberty injury, reputation impairment or proprietary damage, he may submit to the court trying the criminal case a motion for coercively directing the defendant to make compensation for such loss.
根據《刑事訴訟法》第44/1條，就公訴而言，如果受害人有權要求賠償的金額與被告所犯的罪行所致致其喪生，或遭受身體或精神傷害，人身自由傷害，名譽受損或財產損失， 他可以向審理該刑事案件的法院提出一項強制性指示被告就這種損失進行賠償的動議。
In addition, the claim for damages arising from wrongful act is barred by prescription after one year from the day when the wrongful act and the person bound to make compensation became known to the injured person, or ten years from the day when the wrongful act was committed.
此外，損害賠償請求應在違法行為發生且知悉有負賠償責任的人的一年內或自違法行為發生之日起十年內進行。
For more comparison about comparison between civil and criminal action, you may refer to our earlier article “Comparison between Civil and Criminal Action in Thailand”
有關民事及刑事得比較可參考我們之前的文章“泰國民事及刑事訴訟比較”
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[1] Section 342 of Criminal Code B.E. 2499 (1956).